Master UCAT Syllogisms with expert strategies, practice exercises, and time-saving techniques. Improve logical reasoning, interpret statements accurately, and boost your UCAT score with focused guidance and real exam-style questions.
Deductive Reasoning
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making (Syllogisms)
Stem: All top-tier investment banks require their employees to have a professional certification. Some certified employees work in the Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) department. No employee working in the M&A department works fewer than 80 hours per week.
1. All employees at top-tier investment banks work at least 80 hours per week.
2. Some certified employees work at least 80 hours per week.
3. An employee who works fewer than 80 hours per week is definitely not in the M&A department.
4. Any employee in the M&A department at a top-tier bank must be certified.
5. All certified employees work for top-tier investment banks.
Yes
No
Inductive Reasoning
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making (Syllogisms)
Stem: At a global investment bank, all first-year analysts are required to complete the financial modeling certification. Some employees who hold the financial modeling certification work in the Leveraged Finance department. No employee in the Leveraged Finance department is permitted to work on IPO transactions.
1. All first-year analysts work in the Leveraged Finance department.
2. Some first-year analysts might work in the Leveraged Finance department.
3. An employee who is a first-year analyst in the Leveraged Finance department is not permitted to work on IPO transactions.
4. Any employee permitted to work on IPO transactions is not in the Leveraged Finance department.
5. All employees in the Leveraged Finance department are first-year analysts.
Yes
No
Valid / Invalid Conclusions
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making (Syllogisms)
Stem: All tech companies are innovative. Some innovative companies are based in Silicon Valley. No Silicon Valley based company is over 50 years old.
1. All tech companies are over 50 years old.
2. Some innovative companies might be over 50 years old.
3. A tech company that is based in Silicon Valley is not over 50 years old.
4. Any company based in Silicon Valley is not over 50 years old.
5. No tech company is innovative.
Yes
No
Necessary vs. Sufficient Conditions
Stem: To be eligible for the Senior Scholarship, a student must have a GPA above 3.8. All students who have a GPA above 3.8 are required to complete a research project. Some students who complete a research project also volunteer at the local hospital.
1. Completing a research project is a necessary condition for being eligible for the Senior Scholarship.
2. Any student who volunteers at the local hospital is eligible for the Senior Scholarship.
3. Having a GPA above 3.8 is a sufficient condition to ensure a student completes a research project.
4. It is possible that a student eligible for the Senior Scholarship also volunteers at the local hospital.
5. No student with a GPA of 3.7 is required to complete a research project.
Yes
No
All / None / Some Statements
Stem: In a tech firm, all software engineers use Python. Some Python users are also data scientists. No data scientist is permitted to use legacy servers.
1. All software engineers are data scientists.
2. Some software engineers might be data scientists.
3. A Python user who is a data scientist cannot use legacy servers.
4. Anyone who uses legacy servers is not a data scientist.
5. If a staff member does not use Python, they cannot be a software engineer.
Yes
No
Conditional Statements
Stem: In a tech firm, all software engineers use Python. If an employee uses Python, they are eligible for the innovation bonus. Some employees who are eligible for the innovation bonus have been at the firm for over five years. No employee who has been at the firm for over five years works in the marketing department.
1. All software engineers at the firm are eligible for the innovation bonus.
2. Every employee eligible for the innovation bonus is a software engineer.
3. Some software engineers have been at the firm for over five years.
4. No employee in the marketing department has been at the firm for over five years.
5. An employee who works in the marketing department cannot use Python.
Yes
No
If-Then Logic
Stem: All high-performing engines require synthetic oil. Some engines that require synthetic oil are manufactured in Germany. No German-manufactured engine uses a timing belt.
1. All high-performing engines are manufactured in Germany.
2. Some high-performing engines might not use a timing belt.
3. An engine that uses a timing belt cannot be a German-manufactured engine.
4. Any engine that does not require synthetic oil is not high-performing.
5. If an engine is high-performing, it definitely does not use a timing belt.
Yes
No
Either-Or Statements
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: In a high-security research facility, all lead scientists are authorized to enter Level 4 labs. Every person authorized to enter Level 4 labs must undergo a weekly health screening. Either a staff member undergoes a weekly health screening, or they are restricted to the administrative wing. No person restricted to the administrative wing is permitted to handle hazardous pathogens.
1. All lead scientists undergo a weekly health screening.
2. Some staff members restricted to the administrative wing are lead scientists.
3. A staff member permitted to handle hazardous pathogens does not work in the administrative wing.
4. If a staff member does not undergo a weekly health screening, they are not a lead scientist.
5. All staff members who undergo weekly health screenings are lead scientists.
Yes
No
Negations and Contradictions
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making (Syllogisms)
Stem: All high-altitude pilots are required to undergo hypoxia training. No person who has undergone hypoxia training is permitted to fly if they have a known inner-ear imbalance. Some pilots who have undergone hypoxia training are also certified scuba divers.
1. A certified scuba diver might be a high-altitude pilot.
2. No high-altitude pilot is permitted to fly if they have a known inner-ear imbalance.
3. All certified scuba divers have undergone hypoxia training.
4. If a person is permitted to fly, they cannot have an inner-ear imbalance.
5. Some people who are not high-altitude pilots have undergone hypoxia training.
Yes
No
Contrapositive Reasoning
Stem: All professional chefs use copper pans. Anyone who uses copper pans must also use high-heat silicone spatulas. No chef who uses high-heat silicone spatulas would ever use a microwave for a signature dish.
1. A chef who uses a microwave for a signature dish is not a professional chef.
2. If a chef does not use high-heat silicone spatulas, they do not use copper pans.
3. Some chefs who use microwaves for signature dishes use copper pans.
4. Anyone who does not use high-heat silicone spatulas is not a professional chef.
5. All people who use high-heat silicone spatulas are professional chefs.
Yes
No
Venn Diagram Problems
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making (Syllogisms)
Stem: In a high-tech research facility, all quantum physicists are engineers. Some engineers are also expert coders. No expert coder is allowed to work in the biological containment zone.
1. All quantum physicists are expert coders.
2. At least some engineers are not allowed in the biological containment zone.
3. It is possible that some quantum physicists are expert coders.
4. If a staff member is a quantum physicist, they must be an expert coder.
5. Any staff member working in the biological containment zone is not an expert coder.
Yes
No
Set Theory Problems
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: All research scientists at the institute are published authors. Some published authors are recipients of government grants. No recipient of a government grant works in the private sector.
1. All research scientists work in the private sector.
2. Some research scientists might be recipients of government grants.
3. A published author who receives a government grant does not work in the private sector.
4. Any individual working in the private sector is not a recipient of a government grant.
5. All recipients of government grants are research scientists.
Yes
No
Comparative Statements
Stem: In a high-tech company, all software engineers use Python. Some employees who use Python also use Java. No employee who uses Java is permitted to access the legacy server.
1. All software engineers use Java.
2. Some software engineers might use Java.
3. An employee who uses Python and Java cannot access the legacy server.
4. Any employee who accesses the legacy server does not use Java.
5. All employees who use Python are software engineers.
Yes
No
Ranking / Ordering Problems
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making (Syllogisms)
Stem: In a research facility, all biologists are microscopists. Some microscopists are also award-winning authors. No award-winning author works in the basement lab. All basement lab workers are required to wear safety goggles.
1. Some biologists are award-winning authors.
2. Any staff member working in the basement lab is not an award-winning author.
3. Some microscopists might be required to wear safety goggles.
4. All biologists are required to wear safety goggles.
5. An award-winning author might be a biologist.
Yes
No
Group Membership Problems
Stem: All architects at the firm use BluePrint software. Some employees who use BluePrint software are also certified project managers. No certified project manager works in the landscape department.
1. Some architects at the firm are certified project managers.
2. No one in the landscape department is a certified project manager.
3. It is possible that an architect works in the landscape department.
4. All employees who use BluePrint software are architects.
5. An employee using BluePrint software who is also a certified project manager does not work in the landscape department.
Yes
No
Mutually Exclusive Events
Stem: All skyscrapers are steel-framed structures. No steel-framed structures are built in less than six months. Some steel-framed structures are designed by award-winning architects.
1. No skyscraper is built in less than six months.
2. Some skyscrapers are designed by award-winning architects.
3. Any structure built in less than six months is not a skyscraper.
4. All steel-framed structures are skyscrapers.
5. At least one award-winning architect has designed a steel-framed structure.
Yes
No
Inclusive / Exclusive Scenarios
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: All research scientists at the institute are published authors. Some published authors are also university professors. No university professor is allowed to consult for private pharmaceutical companies.
1. All research scientists are university professors.
2. Some research scientists might be university professors.
3. A published author who is a university professor cannot consult for private pharmaceutical companies.
4. Any individual who consults for private pharmaceutical companies is not a university professor.
5. All published authors are research scientists.
Yes
No
Cause and Effect Reasoning
Stem: All tech startups in the Silicon Quarter receive venture capital. Some companies that receive venture capital prioritize rapid growth over profitability. No company that prioritizes rapid growth over profitability offers a 4-day work week.
1. All tech startups in the Silicon Quarter prioritize rapid growth over profitability.
2. Some companies that receive venture capital do not offer a 4-day work week.
3. A tech startup in the Silicon Quarter might offer a 4-day work week.
4. Any company offering a 4-day work week is not a tech startup in the Silicon Quarter.
5. No company that offers a 4-day work week prioritizes rapid growth over profitability.
Yes
No
Logical Deductions
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making (Syllogisms)
Stem: All high-performance luxury cars are equipped with adaptive suspension. Some cars equipped with adaptive suspension are electric vehicles. No electric vehicle manufactured before 2020 uses a lead-acid battery.
1. All high-performance luxury cars are electric vehicles.
2. At least some cars with adaptive suspension might be high-performance luxury cars.
3. If a car uses a lead-acid battery and was manufactured before 2020, it is not an electric vehicle.
4. Some electric vehicles are equipped with adaptive suspension.
5. All cars manufactured before 2020 that lack adaptive suspension use lead-acid batteries.
Yes
No
True / False / Cannot Say
Stem: In a high-tech research facility, all lead scientists are PhD holders. Some PhD holders are specialized in robotics. No robotics specialist is permitted to access the bio-containment wing.
1. All lead scientists are specialized in robotics.
2. Some lead scientists might be specialized in robotics.
3. A PhD holder who is a robotics specialist cannot access the bio-containment wing.
4. No lead scientist is permitted to access the bio-containment wing.
5. If an employee is permitted to access the bio-containment wing, they are not a robotics specialist.
Yes
No
Multiple Premises Analysis
Stem: All professional violinists use synthetic strings. Some people who use synthetic strings also use carbon fiber bows. No musician who uses a carbon fiber bow performs in the National Orchestra.
1. Some professional violinists use carbon fiber bows.
2. No professional violinist performs in the National Orchestra.
3. If a musician performs in the National Orchestra, they do not use a carbon fiber bow.
4. Some musicians who use synthetic strings do not perform in the National Orchestra.
5. All those who perform in the National Orchestra are professional violinists.
Yes
No
Chain of Reasoning
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making (Syllogisms)
Stem: All research scientists who work at the Institute are published authors. Some published authors are recipients of international grants. No recipient of an international grant is a first-year employee.
1. All research scientists at the Institute are recipients of international grants.
2. Some research scientists at the Institute might be recipients of international grants.
3. If a first-year employee works at the Institute, they are definitely not a grant recipient.
4. Some published authors are not first-year employees.
5. No first-year employee is a published author.
Yes
No
Categorical Syllogisms
Stem: In a high-security research facility, all lead scientists have Level 5 clearance. Some staff members with Level 5 clearance are authorized to access the bio-vault. No staff member who is authorized to access the bio-vault is permitted to work remotely.
1. All lead scientists are authorized to access the bio-vault.
2. Some staff members with Level 5 clearance are not permitted to work remotely.
3. A lead scientist might be authorized to access the bio-vault.
4. No lead scientist is permitted to work remotely.
5. Any staff member permitted to work remotely is not authorized to access the bio-vault.
Yes
No
Universal Affirmative Statements
Stem: In a high-security research facility, all senior researchers have Level 4 clearance. Anyone with Level 4 clearance is permitted to access the bio-hazard laboratory. No person who is permitted to access the bio-hazard laboratory is allowed to work without a specialized pressure suit.
1. All senior researchers are allowed to work without a specialized pressure suit.
2. Any person wearing a specialized pressure suit must be a senior researcher.
3. All senior researchers are required to wear a specialized pressure suit when working.
4. If a staff member does not have Level 4 clearance, they are a senior researcher.
5. No senior researcher is permitted to enter the bio-hazard laboratory without a pressure suit.
Yes
No
Universal Negative Statements
Stem: In a research facility, no chemist is allowed to handle radioactive isotopes. All technicians are allowed to handle radioactive isotopes. Some chemists are also safety officers.
1. No technician is a chemist.
2. Some safety officers are not allowed to handle radioactive isotopes.
3. All safety officers are technicians.
4. Anyone allowed to handle radioactive isotopes is a technician.
5. No technician is a safety officer.
Yes
No
Particular Affirmative Statements
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: All research architects at the firm use BIM software. Some staff members who use BIM software are also licensed structural engineers. No licensed structural engineer is permitted to work on the residential sector projects.
1. Some research architects might be licensed structural engineers.
2. All staff members using BIM software are research architects.
3. If a staff member is working on a residential sector project, they are not a licensed structural engineer.
4. There is at least one staff member using BIM software who cannot work on residential sector projects.
5. All research architects are prohibited from working on residential sector projects.
Yes
No
Particular Negative Statements
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: In a high-security research facility, all lead scientists have access to Level 4 clearance. Some staff members with Level 4 clearance are not permitted to enter the bio-containment wing. No staff member who is permitted to enter the bio-containment wing is allowed to work without a specialized hazard suit.
1. Some staff members with Level 4 clearance are not permitted to enter the bio-containment wing.
2. No lead scientist is permitted to enter the bio-containment wing.
3. Some staff members who are required to wear a hazard suit do not have Level 4 clearance.
4. Any staff member allowed to work without a hazard suit is not permitted in the bio-containment wing.
5. Lead scientists who are permitted to enter the bio-containment wing must wear hazard suits.
Yes
No
Hypothetical Syllogisms
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: If a laptop has a failing battery, it will experience sudden shutdowns. If a laptop experiences sudden shutdowns, it will eventually corrupt the hard drive. If a hard drive is corrupted, the user will lose their unsaved data.
1. If a laptop has a failing battery, the user will lose their unsaved data.
2. If the user has not lost any unsaved data, the laptop hard drive is not corrupted.
3. If a laptop does not have a failing battery, the user will not lose unsaved data.
4. If the hard drive is corrupted, it must have been caused by sudden shutdowns.
5. If a laptop does not experience sudden shutdowns, it does not have a failing battery.
Yes
No
Disjunctive Syllogisms
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: A hospital shift must be covered by either Dr. Aris, Dr. Bell, or Dr. Chen. If Dr. Aris works, he requires either a specialized nurse or a surgical assistant, but not both. Dr. Bell only works if Dr. Chen is unavailable. It is confirmed that Dr. Chen is unavailable and Dr. Aris is working with a specialized nurse.
1. Dr. Bell is covering the shift.
2. A surgical assistant is not working on this shift.
3. Dr. Aris and Dr. Bell are working together.
4. If Dr. Aris is working, Dr. Chen cannot be working.
5. Dr. Bell would have worked if Dr. Aris had not taken the shift.
Yes
No
Conjunctive Statements
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: To be eligible for the Senior Scholarship, a student must have an average grade above 85% and have completed at least 50 hours of community service. Additionally, any student who has received a disciplinary warning is ineligible, regardless of their grades or service hours. Mark has an average grade of 88%, while Sarah has completed 60 hours of community service but has a 78% average. Both Mark and Sarah have clean disciplinary records.
1. Sarah is eligible for the Senior Scholarship.
2. If Mark has 55 hours of community service, he is eligible for the scholarship.
3. A student with 90% average and 100 service hours is eligible even if they have a warning.
4. Eligibility requires meeting all three conditions: high grades, service hours, and no warnings.
5. We can conclude Mark is definitely eligible based solely on the information provided.
Yes
No
Transitive Relations
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: In a local sports league, the Falcons scored more points than the Eagles. The Eagles scored fewer points than the Hawks. The Hawks scored exactly the same number of points as the Bluejays, and the Bluejays scored fewer points than the Falcons.
1. The Falcons scored more points than the Hawks.
2. The Eagles and the Bluejays scored the same number of points.
3. The Hawks scored more points than the Eagles.
4. The Bluejays scored more points than the Eagles.
5. The Falcons were the highest-scoring team of the four.
Yes
No
Logical Implications
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: At a tech conference, all keynote speakers are industry pioneers. If an attendee is an industry pioneer, they are granted access to the VIP lounge. Some industry pioneers are also venture capitalists. No venture capitalist is permitted to record the private sessions.
1. All keynote speakers have access to the VIP lounge.
2. Any person recording the private sessions is not a venture capitalist.
3. All industry pioneers are keynote speakers.
4. Some venture capitalists have access to the VIP lounge.
5. If a person cannot access the VIP lounge, they might still be a keynote speaker.
Yes
No
Assumptions Identification
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: A local council is debating whether to ban petrol cars from the city center to reduce air pollution. Supporters of the ban argue that since city center air pollution has reached record highs, the ban is the only way to meet national health standards. Opponents argue that the ban will destroy local businesses because most customers drive into the city.
1. Supporters assume that petrol cars are the primary contributor to air pollution in the city center.
2. Opponents assume that customers will not switch to public transport if the ban is implemented.
3. Supporters assume that the national health standards are currently being violated.
4. Opponents assume that no alternative measures (like electric car incentives) could reduce pollution.
5. Supporters assume that there are no other viable methods to reduce air pollution to the required levels.
Yes
No
Strengthen / Weaken Arguments
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: The city council is considering a ban on all petrol-powered leaf blowers to reduce noise pollution. Proponents argue that the ban will significantly improve the quality of life for residents. Opponents claim the ban will increase costs for landscaping businesses and lead to unkempt public spaces because electric alternatives are less efficient.
1. A study shows electric leaf blowers are 40% quieter than petrol models but take twice as long to clear the same area. Does this strengthen the opponents’ argument?
2. Most residents surveyed stated that traffic noise is a much bigger concern than leaf blower noise. Does this strengthen the proponents’ argument?
3. Landscaping businesses in a neighboring city that implemented a similar ban reported no increase in operating costs. Does this weaken the opponents’ argument?
4. New “ultra-quiet” petrol leaf blowers have been developed that meet the city’s noise thresholds. Does this weaken the proponents’ case for a total ban?
5. If the ban is enacted, the city will provide subsidies to businesses to purchase electric equipment. Does this strengthen the opponents’ argument?
Yes
No
Analogy-Based Reasoning
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: A team of explorers found that on the island of Osea, all Blue Birds migrate south, whereas Red Birds never migrate. They also noted that Green Birds behave exactly like Blue Birds regarding migration, but behave like Red Birds regarding nesting habits. Red Birds always nest in cliffs.
1. Green Birds migrate south.
2. Blue Birds nest in cliffs.
3. If a bird nests in a cliff, it must be a Green Bird.
4. Green Birds nest in cliffs.
5. Any bird that does not migrate south is not a Blue Bird.
Yes
No
Inference from Facts
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: In a local hospital, all senior surgeons must attend the weekly review meeting. Some staff members who attend the weekly review meeting also volunteer at the community clinic. No staff member who volunteers at the community clinic works more than 48 hours per week.
1. All senior surgeons work 48 hours or less per week.
2. At least some people who attend the weekly review meeting work 48 hours or less per week.
3. It is possible that some senior surgeons volunteer at the community clinic.
4. Anyone working 50 hours per week does not volunteer at the community clinic.
5. Only senior surgeons attend the weekly review meeting.
Yes
No
Contradiction Detection
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: A local library policy states that all rare manuscripts must be kept in the temperature-controlled vault. No item in the vault is permitted to be photocopied. Some items that are not permitted to be photocopied are available for digital scanning. However, any item available for digital scanning cannot be a rare manuscript.
1. Some rare manuscripts are available for digital scanning.
2. No rare manuscript is permitted to be photocopied.
3. An item in the vault could be available for digital scanning.
4. Some items that are not rare manuscripts are not permitted to be photocopied.
5. All items in the vault are rare manuscripts.
Yes
No
Conclusion Drawing
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: In a local hospital, all senior consultants are required to mentor junior doctors. No staff member who mentors junior doctors is allowed to take night shifts. Some senior consultants specialize in oncology.
1. Some oncology specialists mentor junior doctors.
2. No senior consultant is allowed to take night shifts.
3. All staff members who do not take night shifts are senior consultants.
4. An oncology specialist might take night shifts.
5. Some staff members who mentor junior doctors specialize in oncology.
Yes
No
Premise Evaluation
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: A software company requires that all senior developers know Python. Some employees who know Python also know Java. No employee who knows Java is permitted to work on the legacy database project without a security clearance.
1. All senior developers know Java.
2. Some senior developers might know Java.
3. An employee knowing Java and Python requires security clearance for the legacy project.
4. Any employee working on the legacy project without clearance does not know Java.
5. All employees who know Python are senior developers.
Yes
No
Rule-Based Reasoning
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: A local library has new rules for borrowing items:
- Books published over 50 years ago are classified as ‘Archive’ and cannot be taken home.
- Only members with a ‘Gold’ status can borrow more than 5 items at once.
- Members with outstanding fines of £10 or more are prohibited from borrowing any items.
1. Liam is allowed to borrow the 6 Archive books because he has Gold status.
2. If Liam pays £5 of his fine, he will be permitted to borrow items.
3. Liam cannot borrow the books even if he had no fines, due to the age of the books.
4. A member with a £5 fine and no Gold status could borrow 3 modern books.
5. Gold status is the only requirement Liam meets to borrow 6 items.
Yes
No
Sequential Logic
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: Five patients—A, B, C, D, and E—are seen sequentially by a doctor.
- Patient C is seen exactly in the middle of the sequence.
- Patient A is seen immediately after Patient E.
- Patient B is seen at some point before Patient D, but after Patient C.
1. Patient E must have been seen first in the sequence.
2. Patient D was the last patient to be seen.
3. Patient B was seen second in the sequence.
4. Patient A was seen immediately before Patient C.
5. Patient B was seen immediately after Patient D.
Yes
No
Decision Trees
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: A logistics company decides which vehicle to send for a delivery based on the following rules:
- If the delivery is over 50 miles away, a Truck must be used; otherwise, a Van is used.
- Regardless of distance, if the cargo is perishable, the vehicle must have a refrigeration unit.
- If the delivery is within city limits (under 10 miles) and the cargo is not perishable, a Bicycle is used instead of a Van.
1. A Bicycle should be used because the distance is under 10 miles.
2. A Van with a refrigeration unit is the correct choice for this delivery.
3. A Truck would only be used if the delivery distance increased to over 50 miles.
4. If the seafood was not perishable, a Bicycle would be used.
5. Any cargo delivered within 8 miles always requires a Bicycle.
Yes
No
Pattern Recognition in Statements
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: In a sequence of experimental trials, every ‘Red’ outcome is followed by a ‘Blue’ outcome. A ‘Blue’ outcome is never immediately followed by another ‘Blue’ outcome. If a ‘Green’ outcome occurs, the next outcome must be ‘Red’.
1. A sequence can consist of ‘Green’ followed by ‘Blue’.
2. A ‘Green’ outcome followed by ‘Red’ then ‘Blue’ is a valid sequence.
3. Every ‘Green’ outcome is eventually followed by a ‘Blue’ outcome.
4. If the current outcome is ‘Blue’, the next outcome must be ‘Green’.
5. A sequence of ‘Red’, ‘Blue’, ‘Red’, ‘Blue’ is possible.
Yes
No
Quantified Statements
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: In a local library, some historical archives are restricted. All restricted items require a senior librarian’s signature for access. No item that requires a senior librarian’s signature can be borrowed for more than 48 hours.
1. Some historical archives cannot be borrowed for more than 48 hours.
2. All historical archives require a senior librarian’s signature.
3. Any item that can be borrowed for 72 hours does not require a signature.
4. No restricted item can be borrowed for more than 48 hours.
5. All items requiring a senior librarian’s signature are restricted historical archives.
Yes
No
Logical Connectives
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: A software company will launch its new app only if the beta testing is successful AND the marketing budget is approved. If the app is launched, then all early subscribers receive a discount. Early subscribers receive a discount only if they sign up via the official website.
1. If the marketing budget is not approved, the app will not be launched.
2. If the beta testing is successful, the app must be launched.
3. An early subscriber who did not sign up via the official website did not receive a discount.
4. If early subscribers received a discount, the beta testing must have been successful.
5. Signing up via the official website guarantees that the app will be launched.
Yes
No
Argument Structure Analysis
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: A local council is debating a new housing project. The project will only proceed if it receives environmental clearance AND local funding is secured. If environmental clearance is granted, a public hearing must be held. However, if a public hearing results in a majority objection, the project is canceled regardless of funding.
1. If the project proceeds, a public hearing must have taken place.
2. If local funding is secured, the project will definitely proceed.
3. If a public hearing did not result in a majority objection, the project must proceed.
4. If the project is canceled, it must be because of a majority objection at the public hearing.
5. If the project proceeds, there was no majority objection at the public hearing.
Yes
No
Probabilistic Deduction
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: In a local hospital, 70% of the nurses work the night shift. Out of those who work the night shift, 40% are also qualified in intensive care. Only 10% of the nurses who do not work the night shift are qualified in intensive care.
1. A nurse selected at random is more likely to work the night shift than not.
2. Most of the nurses at the hospital are qualified in intensive care.
3. A nurse who works the night shift is more likely to be intensive care qualified than one who does not.
4. Less than 30% of the total nursing staff are intensive care qualified night shift workers.
5. Exactly 50% of all intensive care qualified nurses work the night shift.
Yes
No
Cause-Effect Chains
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: If the central bank increases interest rates, consumer spending decreases. A decrease in consumer spending leads to lower corporate profits. Whenever corporate profits are low, companies freeze all new hiring. However, a hiring freeze only occurs if there is no government subsidy provided to the sector.
1. If the central bank increases interest rates, companies will definitely freeze new hiring.
2. If a company is hiring new staff, then consumer spending has not decreased.
3. If interest rates increase and no government subsidy is provided, companies will freeze hiring.
4. If corporate profits are high, interest rates must have remained the same or decreased.
5. A government subsidy being provided prevents a hiring freeze even if profits are low.
Yes
No
Multiple Condition Analysis
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: A local library is hiring a head librarian. Candidates must meet the following criteria: They must have a Master’s degree in Library Science. They must have at least 5 years of experience OR have managed a team of at least 10 people. Additionally, if they do not have a PhD, they must provide three professional references.
1. A candidate with a Master’s degree, 6 years of experience, and no PhD must provide three references to be eligible.
2. A candidate with a PhD and a Master’s degree who has managed 12 people but only has 2 years of experience is eligible without references.
3. A candidate with a PhD, a Master’s degree, and 4 years of experience who has never managed a team is eligible.
4. Any eligible candidate who provides only two professional references must hold a PhD.
5. A candidate with a Master’s degree and 10 years of experience is eligible regardless of whether they have a PhD or references.
Yes
No
Exclusion Principles
UCAT Official Practice: Decision Making
Stem: In a local art gallery, every painting displayed on the North Wall is an oil-based work. No oil-based work in the gallery was painted after 1950. Any painting that is not an oil-based work is eligible for the Modern Artist Award.
1. A painting from 1975 could be displayed on the North Wall.
2. No painting displayed on the North Wall is eligible for the Modern Artist Award.
3. All paintings eligible for the Modern Artist Award were painted after 1950.
4. Any painting on the North Wall was painted in or before 1950.
5. Some oil-based works might not be displayed on the North Wall.
Yes
No